Although the association between high IRF4 expression and better prognosis of patients with CLL has been reported (53) and studies using mouse models of CLL with IRF4 deficiency support the role of IRF4 in suppressing CLL pathogenesis (41, 42, 54), the direction of association between IRF4 expression and CLL prognosis remains inconclusive and may even differ between mCLL and uCLL (Fig. S7). This evidence concerns the gene IRF4 and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.