The increased TIL levels in patients with bladder cancer displayed an exhausted phenotype due to the upregulation of the expression of various immune checkpoint molecules, such as PD-L1, programmed death 1 (PD-1), T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3), and IDO-114,23. Here, HAVCR2 is linked to urinary bladder cancer.