Although we cannot exclude the possibility that IL-10 and TGF-β1 derived from other immune cells may also be implicated in AMD progression, our data suggested that Rac1 upregulation in Tregs induced IL-10 and TGF-β1 production to promote choroidal neovascularization in wet AMD. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and age-related macular degeneration.