The application of a Rac1 inhibitor (1A-116) or neutralizing antibodies against TGF-β1 or IL-10 suppressed choroidal neovascularization in the AMD model, respectively (Figure 6A, P<0.05, P<0.01, and P<0.0001). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and age-related macular degeneration.