PPI network analysis (minimum required interaction score = 0.700) revealed complex interactions among the 13 OSRDEGs, with EDN1 (interaction score = 0.85), ADRB2 (interaction score = 0.82), NTF3 (interaction score = 0.80), and BDNF (interaction score = 0.78) emerging as central nodes, suggesting their critical roles in regulating keloid-related pathways (Figure 11A). Here, EDN1 is linked to keloid.