In human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, combining PTL with pan-histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) potentiates HDACI lethality by inhibiting NF-κB and the subsequent activation of the SAPK/JNK pathway via MKK7 (Dai et al., 2010). The gene discussed is MAPK8; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.