SMCP and Reduced sperm motility: Specifically, Cyp26b1, encoding an RA degradation enzyme, Zbtb16, an undifferentiated spermatogonia marker gene, and Smcp (Sperm mitochondria-associated cysteine-rich protein), its loss causing asthenozoospermia [48], all lost their rhythmicity in the desynchronization group (Fig. 7i–k), implicating that circadian desynchronization likely leads to dysregulated RA signaling and defects in spermatogenesis and fertilization in mice.