The combination of chemotherapy with targeted therapies for high-frequency mutations - such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), and ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) - along with immunotherapeutic agents targeting the programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) axis, has culminated in an objective response rate exceeding 83% in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)[2,3]. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.