By analyzing CX3CL1 expression in HCC tissues using immunohistochemistry, assessing CX3CR1-positive immune cells through immunofluorescence, and measuring preoperative plasma CX3CL1 levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) in patients undergoing TACE, this research provides insights into the role of CX3CL1 in HCC progression and offers a foundation for potential therapeutic interventions targeting the CX3CL1‒CX3CR1 axis. This evidence concerns the gene CX3CL1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.