Among the seven validated plasma proteins, four demonstrated strong colocalization with AD in both the discovery and replication stages, including BLNK (discovery stage PP.H4 = 96.05%, replication stage PP.H4 = 87.91%), GRN (discovery stage PP.H4 = 100%, replication stage PP.H4 = 100%), PILRA (discovery stage PP.H4 = 99.47%, replication stage PP.H4 = 99.49%), and PILRB (discovery stage PP.H4 = 99.47%, replication stage PP.H4 = 99.49%) (Fig. 3; Additional File 1: Table S5). Here, PILRA is linked to Alzheimer disease.