Besides hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance have been known to promote the formation of AGEs, while AGE-RAGE-evoked NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS generation further enhances RAGE expression in various tissues (Kaida et al. 2013; Yamagishi and Imaizumi 2005; Yamagishi and Matsui 2018; Ide et al. 2010; Tan et al. 2010; Tahara et al. 2010, 2012; Yoshida et al. 2006). Here, AGER is linked to Insulin resistance.