BM-MSCs inhibit the apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells in mice with ALI through the CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling axis.233 MSC-CM alleviates neutrophil apoptosis in the context of endotoxin-induced ALI by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway.234 BM-MSCs overexpressing HO-1 could improve the survival rate and attenuate lung impairment in ALI rats by inhibiting apoptosis and enhancing the paracrine effects of MSCs.235. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and acute respiratory distress syndrome.