TNF and cirrhosis of liver: Monocytes with reduced toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)57 and CCR258 expression are functionally linked to reduced production of TNF-α and IL-6 in response to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in patients with liver cirrhosis.22 FSTL1 has been reported to upregulate the expression of inflammatory factors in monocytes/macrophages via TLR4 signalling.59 Our data suggested that FSTL1 upregulated CCR2 expression to promote monocyte recruitment.