TGFB1 and Cirrhosis: Consistent with previous findings,23 we observed that the FSTL1 levels were elevated in the serum of cirrhosis patients (Supplementary Fig. 1a) and in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced model mice (Supplementary Fig. 1b) and were positively correlated with the serum TGF-β1, TNF-α and IL-6 levels in cirrhosis patients (Fig. 1a–c).