Furthermore, GRI was significantly associated with baPWV (regression coefficient, β = 3.1692; 95% CI: 1.4085 to 4.9299, p < 0.001) after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, such as age, sex, BMI, duration of diabetes, smoking status, alcohol consumption, insulin therapy, use of ACE inhibitors and/or ARBs, statins, antiplatelet medications, the presence of retinopathy, systolic blood pressure, eGFR, HbA1c, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, log‐transformed triglyceride, uric acid, and log‐transformed urine albumin levels (Model 2, Table 3). This evidence concerns the gene INS and retinal disorder.