In addition, it was significantly associated with GSM (regression coefficient, β = −0.1392; 95% CI: −0.2323 to −0.0460, p = 0.003) after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, such as age, sex, BMI, duration of diabetes, smoking status, alcohol consumption, insulin therapy, use of ACE inhibitors and/or ARBs, statins, antiplatelet medications, presence of retinopathy, systolic blood pressure, eGFR, HbA1c, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, log‐transformed triglyceride, and uric acid levels, and log‐transformed urine albumin‐creatinine ratio (Model 2, Table 2). Here, ACE is linked to retinal disorder.