Finally, multivariate Cox regression analysis (Fig. 4b) revealed that IIM (HR = 2.635, χ2 = 8.679, 95% CI: 1.383–5.019), pneumomediastinum (HR = 2.877, χ2 = 9.768, 95% CI: 1.483–5.582), oral candidiasis infection (HR = 2.596, χ2 = 6.249, 95% CI: 1.229–5.483), aspergilli infection (HR = 2.886, χ2 = 8.438, 95% CI: 1.412–5.900), and lower minimal Alb (HR = 0.872, χ2 = 18.983, 95% CI: 0.819–0.927) were independent risk factors associated with poor survival in patients with CTD-ILD-PJP. The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is pneumocystosis.