After controlling for various covariates including age, sex, race, PIR, education level, smoke, alcohol use, physical activity, BMI, hypertension, CVD, lipid-lowering drugs, FBG, HbA1c, ALT, AST, Cr, UA, BUN, and TG, this relationship remains stable in Model 4, with a 45% reduction in the risk of DKD in Q2 compared to Q1 (OR 0.55, 95%CI 0.40–0.76). The gene discussed is GPT; the disease is diabetic kidney disease.