INS and diabetes mellitus: To further assess the effect of various therapies for diabetes on the efficacy of Azvudine, considering the wide range of oral antidiabetic drugs and insulin, we selected the six most common treatment regimens and found that the efficacy of Azvudine varied among the groups, particularly in those using a combination of short-acting, rapid-acting, and long-acting insulin, where Azvudine exhibited a more pronounced protective effect on both all-cause mortality and composite disease progression.