HMGB1 and Alzheimer disease: Employing the preclinical 5xFAD mouse model of human AD, we discovered that AIE treatment accelerated AD-associated induction of HMGB1 proinflammatory neuroimmune genes, microglial activation, and reductions of ChAT+ basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in the adult female, but not male, basal forebrain.