The elevation of SCFAs, especially propionic acid, may activate the AMPK/mTOR pathway, leading to the decreases in TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB, and IL-17A, an increase in IL-10, thereby alleviating the inflammatory state and improving glucolipid metabolic disorder in T2DM. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.