The elevation of SCFAs, especially propionic acid, may activate the AMPK/mTOR pathway, leading to a decrease in the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB, and IL-17A, while increasing the levels of IL-10, thereby alleviating the inflammatory state and improving glucolipid metabolic disorder in T2DM. Here, IL1B is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.