The colon levels of NF-κB (P < 0.001), TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-22 (all P < 0.0001) in the MD group were remarkably enhanced compared to the NC group, along with a significant reduction of TGF-β1 (P < 0.0001) and IL-10 (P < 0.001) (Figures 3I–P). Here, IL10 is linked to Menkes disease.