2OG oxygenases have emerged as important human therapeutic and agrochemical targets.121 Inhibitors of the PHDs are used for the treatment of anaemia caused by chronic kidney disease122 and the plant 2OG oxygenase gibberellin C20-oxidase is the molecular target of plant-growth retardants.121 Cellular studies indicate that aberrant JMJD6 activity may promote cancer development and/or progression;64–67 thus, selective inhibition of JMJD6 catalysis may enable the development of anti-cancer therapeutics, including for prostate cancer. The gene discussed is JMJD6; the disease is anemia.