Plasma GFAP showed a better performance (AUC 0.894, sensitivity 0.90, specificity 0.92, at a cutoff value of 106.44 pg/mL) in distinguishing Alzheimer’s disease patients from FTLD patients (Fig. 3E) than P-tau181 (AUC 0.784, sensitivity 0.60, specificity 0.96, at a cutoff value of 3.89 pg/mL) and a better performance (AUC 0.817, sensitivity 0.90, specificity 0.70, at a cutoff value of 71.18 pg/mL) in discriminating SIVD patients from FTLD patients (Fig. 3F) than NfL (AUC 0.683, sensitivity 0.72, specificity 0.59) and P-tau181 (AUC 0.626, sensitivity 0.30, specificity 0.96). The gene discussed is NEFL; the disease is Alzheimer disease.