TNC and neoplasm: In mechanistic research, focus should be placed on creating specific TNC inhibitors or blockers to offer new targeted therapy strategies; examining the distinct roles of various TNC isoforms in tumor progression, especially the unique functions of the long isoform of TNC in TME; investigating the interaction networks between TNC and other microenvironmental factors to reveal their collaborative mechanisms in tumor progression; and further clarifying the role of TNC in the radiotherapy microenvironment to provide new insights for enhancing radiotherapy effectiveness.