LCN2 and acute kidney injury: Although considerable advancements have been achieved in clinical and fundamental research in recent decades, the enhancements in AKI diagnosis and therapeutic approaches, such as the development of emerging biomarkers including neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and liver fatty acid-binding protein (FABP1) for early detection of AKI and the exploration of “goal-directed" hemodynamic treatment methods and renal replacement therapies, have yet to fulfill the demands of modern medicine.