MAPK3 and acute kidney injury: Besides, Recent study has also identified that sEVs from MSCs induced by iPSCs (iMSC) ameliorate AKI by significantly activating the ERK1/2 pathway in mice with IR-AKI [97], whereas iMSC-EVs exerted anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects by inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 activated by cisplatin [98].