ATP6V0D2 and neoplasm: Lactate activates the mTORC1 signaling pathway in TAMs, which in turn downregulates the expression of the lysosomal vesicle hydrolase subunit ATP6V0d2 through transcriptional regulation, and macrophage intracellular HIF-2α protein stability is increased as a result of lysosomal functional limitation, which ultimately maintains its own tumor-promoting M2 phenotype and supports tumor progression [161].