However, lactate-mediated signaling blocks the normal differentiation of DCs and affects their activation and antigen presentation, resulting in a tendency towards an immunosuppressive phenotype, in which DCs have lower levels of MHC II and co-stimulatory molecules, produce lower levels of IL-12 and higher levels of IL-10, and reduce the production of immune-activating cytokines such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, which prevent the presentation of cancer cell-specific antigens to immune cells, negatively regulate the immune response, and result in immunosuppressive effects [168, 169]. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is cancer.