TGFB1 and neoplasm: To further validate the role of focal adhesion proteins in this process, the expression or function of focal adhesion proteins can be inhibited by targeted knockdown using CRISPR/Cas9 technology or by using specific protein inhibitors, and the changes in the release levels of GFs (e.g., TGF-β) in the simulated tumour ECM environment before and after the interventions can be compared by ELISA, immunofluorescence, or Western blot techniques.