Mothers with gestational diabetes had lower serum adiponectin (6.48 ± 3.64 μg/mL) in the third trimester relative to mothers with type 2 diabetes (8.55 ± 5.24 μg/mL, p < 0.05) or no diabetes (7.73 ± 3.47 μg/mL). This evidence concerns the gene ADIPOQ and diabetes mellitus.