The results of this study showed that the prediction model based on platelets < 33.5*109/L, IL-6 > 20.79 pg/ml, IFN-γ > 12.12 pg/ml, and IL-10 > 39.87 pg/ml could more accurately distinguish between EBER-positive lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and non-neoplastic EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. The gene discussed is IL10; the disease is hemophagocytic syndrome.