AKT1 and colitis: Several studies have reported that activation of this pathway can reduce organ damage and inflammatory responses, including kidney injury [50], brain injury [51], lung injury [52], colitis [53], etc. A previous study has found that Rehmannioside A exerts neuroprotective effects by inhibiting ferroptosis and activating the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signalling pathway, thereby improving cognitive dysfunction after cerebral ischemia [16].