Nuclear translocation of FRα is associated with increased proliferation and reprogramming toward a ‘cancer stem cell’ through activation of numerous transcription factors, including OCT4/SOX2 (regulating stemness), KLF4 (regulating cell reprogramming), HES1 (regulating metastasis and multidrug resistance), and FGFR4 (regulating cellular proliferation).22,23. This evidence concerns the gene FOLR1 and cancer.