[30] found that TGF-β upregulated expression of CX3CL1 mRNA, and CX3CL1 interacted with CX3CR1 on the surface of macrophages, contributing to the expression of TGF-β, ECM, collagen and fibronectin, and advancing the development of PF. Here, TGFB1 is linked to pemphigus foliaceus.