PIK3CA and laryngotracheoesophageal cleft: Several targeted therapies aimed at the PAM signaling pathway, including buparlisib (a PI3K inhibitor), MK2206 (an AKT inhibitor), sirolimus (an mTOR inhibitor), and perifosine (a dual PI3K/AKT inhibitor), are currently undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of LC (Moran et al., 2017; Primo N. et al., 2011; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, 2013a; AEterna Zentaris, 2006).