PAPPA and preeclampsia: Several biomarker screens have recently been investigated to potentially improve prediction of preeclampsia, including placental growth factor (PlGF) <100 pg/mL, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1):PlGF ratio >38, alpha fetoprotein (AFP):pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) ratio >10, and a novel first trimester screen that combines mean arterial blood pressure, mean uterine artery resistance on doppler testing, and PlGF [12].