After adjusting for covariates including gender, BMI, SBP, DBP, HR, HGB, blood lipids, QRS wave duration, LVEF, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd), anti-heart failure drug use, comorbidities (history of hypertension, diabetes, ischemic stroke, atrial fibrillation), implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)/cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)implantation, multivariate logistic regression analysis of CHF patients after 24 months of follow-up showed that HGF, BNP, TP, eGFR, and T4 were independent risk factors for all-cause mortality in HFpEF patients (P < 0.05) (Table 2). Here, HGF is linked to atrial fibrillation.