Butyrate, one of the SCFAs, has been shown to attenuate AP by ameliorating intestinal barrier dysfunction (Xia et al., 2023), and the mechanism may be related to the inhibitory effect of immune-activated histone deacetylase (HDAC) (Pan et al., 2019; Korsten et al., 2023). Here, HDAC9 is linked to alkaline phosphatase measurement.