In a study conducted by Jain et al., non‐aggregated alginate‐based NPs were designed to selectively target macrophages for the delivery of plasmid encoding IL‐10.[181] The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results showed that IL‐10 plasmid NPs effectively transformed macrophage phenotypes in arthritic rat joints from pro‐inflammatory M1 (approximately 15%) to anti‐inflammatory M2 (approximately 66%), alleviating features of arthritis such as inflammatory cell infiltration, heightened osteoclast activity and bone resorption. Here, IL10 is linked to arthritic joint disease.