DPP4 and lung carcinoma: Until now, only a few studies have investigated the efficacy of relatively newer classes of antidiabetic medications, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4I), and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2I) on lung cancer prognosis and these studies have all been conducted in Western countries (17–19).