However, recent research has identified other genetic disorders linked to HIES, including mutations in IL6ST, PGM3, ERBIN, ZNF341, IL6R, SPINK5, TGFBR1, TGFBR2, STAT6 and CARD11, expanding our knowledge of the genetic basis for this syndrome (133, 141, 208). This evidence concerns the gene TGFBR2 and hyper-IgE syndrome.