Specifically, we identified these mutated genes in the pLN– group were associated with multiple signalling pathways involved in tumourigenesis of HNSCC (CSDM3, FAT1, and NOTCH1), and cell cycle dysregulation (CASP8, PRDM9, and SYNE1) (Figure 2C). This evidence concerns the gene SYNE1 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.