A similar effect is observed in pancreatic cancer cells, where TGFβ secreted by SCs was sufficient to induce the TGFβ/SMAD signalling pathway that reduces the expression of F-actin, β-catenin and E-cadherin in PDAC cells promoting tumour aggressiveness (migration, invasion and tumorigenicity) in vitro [190]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.