CD40 and Autoimmunity: IL7R has a role in T- and B-cell differentiation, and its plasma levels are associated with elevated risk of MS,125 but experimental IL7R inhibitors have not been successful in treating MS.126 CD5 and CD58 are also involved in B- and T-cell differentiation, whose activation has a role in autoimmunity.127,128 CD40 and its ligand form a complex that has a central role in the regulation of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity.