Conversely, expression of proteins such as chaperonin (HSP60), mitochondrial heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), mitochondrial Lon peptidase 1 (LonP1) and mitochondrial caseinolytic protease proteolytic subunit (CLpP) were all lower in T2D (Figure 4A–C). The gene discussed is LONP1; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.