CD274 and Familial prostate cancer: Figure 1H indicates a positive correlation between PD-L1 expression and higher Gleason scores. This suggests that, while PD-L1 expression may be lower overall in prostate cancer tissues, higher-grade tumors may exhibit relatively elevated PD-L1 levels compared to lower-grade tumors within the prostate cancer cohort. PD-L1 binds to PD1 on T-cells, leading to the suppression of the immune response, which allows cancer cells to thrive by avoiding immune detection and destruction (Topalian et al., 2015; Chen and Mellman, 2017).