CHEK2 and cancer: Although we found no statistically significant associations with TGCTs amongst 120 established CSGs to suggest unexplained pleiotropy for TGCTs, the strongest association was for CHEK2. This replicated an association reported previously in a candidate gene study, which is highly plausible given the growing evidence for pleiomorphic moderate-risk association of CHEK2 across multiple cancer types [9], [10].