INS and Hypertension: Use of Insulin: Participants who were currently using insulin or had used it within the past 6 months were excluded from the study; Type 1 diabetes; Cardiovascular event in the previous 6 months; Uncontrolled hypertension; Currently completing >75 min of high-intensity exercise or >150 min of moderate-intensity exercise per week; High alcohol intake; Active foot ulcer; Impaired liver or renal function; history of food allergies or bariatric surgery; pregnancy, breastfeeding, or planning pregnancy; conditions making the individual ineligible for trial.