Age: Participants aged over 40 years; Diagnosis: Participants with T2DM; BMI: Participants with a BMI of 27 kg/m2 or greater; Serum Creatinine: Participants with serum creatinine levels less than 1.2 mg/dL; Albuminuria: Participants with urinary albumin excretion (UAE) of 300 mg/24 h or less; Stable Diet and Medication: Participants with no systematic changes in calorie, protein, sodium intake, or treatment with blood pressure, glucose, or lipid-lowering agents over the last 3-6 months. Here, ALB is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.