AQP4 and Alzheimer disease: In particular, AD has been known to increase Aβ and tau in CSF.96 Compared to healthy controls, Aβ levels were later found to be significantly reduced in MS patients.97 In contrast to these biomarkers, MS patients have been noted to have increased levels of CSF oligoclonal bands.98 There are several other clinically used biomarkers in the evaluation of MS including Anti-NZ, Nabs, IgG OB, IgG index, Anti-AQP4, Anti-JC virus, and Anti-VZV.