VWF and COVID-19: Furthermore, signal peptide-CUB-EGF domain-containing protein 1 (SCUBE1) is a gene that has previously been associated with thrombotic complications in COVID-19 patients, due to its active role in platelet aggregation.43 These transcriptomic changes were supported by immunofluorescence microscopy, in which Vessels-on-Chip stimulated with COVID-19 patient plasma exhibited discontinuous intercellular junctions, loss of intracellular VWF from the endothelial cells, increased expression of the cellular adhesion molecule ICAM-1, and formation of F-actin stress fibres (Fig. 2D–F).