In some cases (e.g., chronic neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease), dysfunction is believed to precipitate hallmark disease pathology (e.g., the deposition of amyloid beta resulting from increased microglia activation)31 and in other cases (e.g., LBD), inflammation is believed to arise from the disease pathology itself (e.g., accumulation of abnormal alpha-synuclein may trigger neuroinflammation).32 Here, SNCA is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.