& B. Bremer (G. officinalis) alleviated DMED by targeting endothelial dysfunction (via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/eNOS pathway) and apoptosis (via Bcl-2/Bax regulation and ROS reduction) [41–43]. This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and endothelial dysfunction.