They combined PBNPs-based PTT with anti-CTLA-4 checkpoint immunotherapy to improve the outcome of neuroblastoma treatment in tumor-bearing mice (Fig. 6A) [163], presenting a notably higher rate of complete tumor remission and long-term survival (55.5%) compared with those of treatment with anti-CTLA-4 alone (12.5%) or PBNPs-PTT alone (0%) (Fig. 6B). The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is neuroblastoma.