INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: When comparing the beta coefficients of the different T2D PGS for the circulating proteins, we found that they were negatively correlated between PGST2D_gw and PGST2D_liver_lipid (Pearson’s r = − 0.19, p = 5.9×10-25) and between PGST2D_gw and PGST2D_proinsulin (Pearson’s r = − 0.07, p = 3.8 × 10−4, Fig. 2C).