TNF and medical procedure: Our results showed that in 1% carrageenan-induced prostatitis mouse model, Parp1−/− prostatitic mice showed less pathological damage, decreased prostate weight, and lower inflammatory indices, decreased macrophage and neutrophil infiltration, down-regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-12p70, CCL2, TNF) and up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in prostate tissue.